The Geography of Detroits Decline

During the mid-20th century, Detroit was the fourth largest city in the United States with a population of over 1.85 million people. It was a thriving metropolis that embodied the American Dream - a land of opportunity and growth. Today, Detroit has become a symbol of urban decay. Detroits infrastructure is crumbling and the city is operating at $300 million dollars short of municipal sustainability. It is now the crime capital of America, with 7 out of 10 crimes unsolved. More than a million people have left the city since its prominent fifties. There is a multitude of reasons as to why Detroit fell apart, but all the fundamental causes are rooted in geography. Demographic Shift The rapid shift in Detroits demographics led to racial hostility. Social tensions were further perpetuated when many desegregation policies were signed into law in the 1950s, forcing residents to integrate. For years, violent racial riots engulfed the city, but the most destructive one occurred on Sunday, July 23, 1967. A police confrontation with patrons at a local unlicensed bar sparked a five-day riot that left 43 dead, 467 injured, 7,200 arrests and more than 2,000 buildings destroyed. The violence and destruction only ended when the National Guard and Army were ordered to intervene. Shortly after this 12th street riot, many residents started to flee the city, particularly the whites. They moved out by the thousands into neighboring suburbs such as Royal Oak, Ferndale, and Auburn Hills. By 2010, whites only made up 10.6% of Detroits population. The Size Detroit is particularly difficult to maintain because its residents are so spread out. There is too much infrastructure relative to the level of demand. This means large sections of the city are left unused and unrepaired. A scattered population also means law, fire, and emergency medical personnel have to travel greater distances on average to provide care. Moreover, since Detroit has experienced consistent capital exodus for the past forty years, the city is unable to afford an adequate public service workforce. This has caused crime to skyrocket, which further encouraged rapid out-migration. Industry Many of Americas older cities faced a de-industrialization crisis starting in the 1970s, but most of them were able to establish an urban resurgence. The success of cities like Minneapolis and Boston is reflected on their high number of college graduates (over 43%) and their entrepreneurial spirit. In many ways, the success of the Big Three inadvertently restricted entrepreneurship in Detroit. With the high wages earned on the assembly lines, workers had little reason to pursue higher education. This, in conjunction with the city having to reduce the number of teachers and after-school programs due to declining tax revenues, has caused Detroit to fall behind in academics. Today, only 18% of Detroit adults have a college degree (versus a national average of 27%), and the city is also struggling to control the brain drain. Ford Motor Company no longer has a factory in Detroit, but General Motors and Chrysler still do, and the city remains dependent on them. However, for a large portion of the 1990s and early 2000s, the Big Three did not react well to changing market demands. Consumers started to shift from power-driven automotive muscle to more stylish and fuel-efficient vehicles. The American automakers struggled against their foreign counterparts both domestically and internationally. All three companies were on the verge of bankruptcy and their financial distress was reflected on Detroit. Public Transportation Infrastructure Unlike their neighbors Chicago and Toronto, Detroit never developed a subway, trolley, or intricate bus system. The only light rail the city has is its People Mover, which only encircles 2.9-miles of the downtown area. It has a single set of track and only runs in one direction. Although designed to move up to 15 million riders a year, it only serves 2 million. The People Mover is considered an ineffective rail, costing taxpayers $12 million annually to operate. The biggest problem with not having a sophisticated public infrastructure is that it promotes sprawl. Since so many people in the Motor City owned a car, they all moved away, opting to live in the suburbs and just commuting to downtown for work. Additionally, as people moved out, businesses eventually followed, leading to even fewer opportunities in this once great city. References Okrent, Daniel (2009). Detroit: The Death- and Possible Life- of a Great City. Retrieved from: http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1926017-1,00.htmlGlaeser, Edward (2011). Detroits Decline and the Folly of Light Rail. Retrieved from: http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704050204576218884253373312.html

Socrates Guilty as Charged - 1761 Words

In Plato’s Apology Socrates is being tried by Anytus and Meletus for two new charges: â€Å"corrupting the young, and not acknowledging the gods of the city acknowledges, but new daimonic activities instead† (Morgan 2005, 51). Throughout Plato’s Apology and Euthyphro Socrates uses complex rhetoric to challenge the charges brought against him based on his thoughts and understanding of what is right and wrong. He never once states he is not guilty nor does he provide reasons to support his innocence. He suggests rather that he is on a divine mission stating â€Å"this is what the god orders me to do, and I think there is no greater blessing for the city than my service to the god† (Morgan 2005, 55). Socrates uses his trial as an opportunity to show†¦show more content†¦Plato’s Euthyphro demonstrates Socrates searching for a definition of what piety is so that he can prove that he is not impious. Through the dialogue with Euthyphro, Socrates using his typical mannerisms refutes each response through questioning to prove that what piety is hard to define and in fact one consistent definition is unattainable. The argument that holds the most weight is when Euthyphro suggests the being pious is God loved while impious is God Hated. Socrates infers â€Å"†¦different sets of Gods, too, consider different things to be just, or fine or shameful, or good or bad†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Morgan 2005, 39) ultimately concluding that some Gods love the things that others Gods hate, therefore that being impious and pious are the same thing, and that he cannot be one and not the other. Based on the discussion the conclusion Socrates draws is accurate however does not prove his innocence but shows that Euthyphro is unable to define what piety is. Socrates is aware that through his questioning this will be the outcome, his purpose is rather to provoke thought in Euthyphro’s mind, and engage him in thinking what is just or unjust, and that because he cannot provide a concrete definition then perhaps he is not qualified to decide. In Plato’s Apology Socrates argues that he did not corrupt the youth but rather that he was trying to improve them. This is an opinionated belief not based on fact.Show MoreRelatedEssay Is Socrates Guilty As Charged?1134 Words   |  5 Pagesquot;Is Socrates Guilty As Charged?quot; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In any case of law, when one is considering truth and justice, one must first look at the validity of the court and of the entity of authority itself. In Socrates case, the situation is no different. One may be said to be guilty or not of any said crime, but the true measure of guilt or innocence is only as valid as the court structure to which it is subject to. Therefore, in considering whether Socrates is guilty or notRead MoreApology On Apology Of Socrates852 Words   |  4 PagesNathan Poage Philosophy 1301 March 2, 2017 Apology of Socrates Socrates was a Greek philosopher and the founder of western philosophy. Plato was the student of Socrates who was very motivated by the life and teaching of Socrates. Plato was also one of the greatest Philosopher of ancient Greece. Apology is the actual recorded speech of Socrates by Plato, which was delivered at the trail to defend himself. Many people did not agree with Socrates, so they made several charges against him, which is recordedRead MoreSocrates Trial Essay807 Words   |  4 PagesApology Socrates was charged and put on trial for impiety, as well as accused of committing many other crimes. I will first explain the most important issues of why Socrates was sent to death. Then I will argue the position that Socrates is innocent, and should not be have been found guilty. To introduce, Socrates was placed on trial and charged with the crime of impiety. Impiety is the lack of reverence for the gods and other sacred things. As well another major claim was that Socrates was corruptingRead MoreEssay on Socrates Was NOT Guilty1667 Words   |  7 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Socrates, in his conviction from the Athenian jury, was both innocent and guilty as charged. In Plato’s Five Dialogues, accounts of events ranging from just prior to Socrates’ entry into the courthouse up until his mouthful of hemlock, both points are represented. Socrates’ in dealing with moral law was not guilty of the crimes he was accused of by Meletus. Socrates was only guilty as charged because his peers had concluded him as such. The laws didn’t find Socrates guilty; Socrates was guiltyRead MoreWhat Are The Charges Against Socrates?1019 Words   |  5 Pages2015 What are the charges against Socrates as recorded in the Apology. Is he guilty of them? Why or why not? The Apology is assumed to be the most realistic account that has been conserved of Socrates defense of himself as it was presented before the Athenian Council. It is in essential agreement with the references to the trial that occur in Plato s other dialogs. We may determine that Apology is not written by Socrates and only contains the words of Socrates that were memorized by Plato, sinceRead More The Apology of Socrates: Guilty or Innocent? Essay928 Words   |  4 PagesThe Apology of Socrates: Guilty or Innocent?   Ã‚   In any case of law, when considering truth and justice, one must first look at the validity of the court and the system itself.   In Socrates case, the situation is no different.   One may be said to be guilty or innocent of any crime, but guilt or innocence is only as valid as the court it is subjected to.   Therefore, in considering whether Socrates is guilty or not, it must be kept in mind the norms and standards of Athens at that time, and theRead MoreThe Case Of Socrates : The Guilt Of Justice944 Words   |  4 Pages Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher, credited with founding modern philosophy. He was a genius who created Socratic irony and the Socratic method, as well as posthumously influencing all of modern society and government since his death in 399 BC. Socrates’ ideas of politics and government are still referenced today. He was a groundbreaking mind that was accused on the grounds of corrupting the youth of Athens, as well as impiety. I believe that he was rightfully convicted in accordance withRead MorePlato s Apology Questions On Socrates1104 Words   |  5 Pages04, 2017 Plato’s Apology Questions 01) Socrates says he faces two groups of accusers or accusations What/who are these? Socrates faces old accusers who for years have accused him of things he has not done. Socrates fears these accusers but he believes that they are not the worst of them. Socrates believes the far more dangerous accusers are the ones who have grown up as children in these falsehood beliefs and have these views embed in their minds. Socrates was accused of corrupting the youth andRead MorePlato s Five Dialogue Apology865 Words   |  4 Pagesrecords the actual speech that Socrates delivered in his own defense at the trial. Basically, Socrates is accused to the action of corrupting youth, which he taught norms and value to many people and charge a fee for it (19d6). He is also accused to the action of teaching spiritual things, for not believing in Athens god, and last but not least, Hubris, the question of human wisdom. Socrates, in fact, provides brilliant responses towards all accusations that are charged against him, saying that notRead More Socrates Defense Essay843 Words   |  4 PagesThey begin by telling everyone not to be deceived and to take caution because Socrates is a â€Å"clever speaker†. According to Socrates, the difference between him and his accusers is that he speaks the truth. He is on trial for two items, which include, corrupting the youth and impiety. Socrates tells everyone that he has no experience with the court and he will speak the way he is used to by being honest and direct. Socrates explains that his behavior is from the oracle of Apollo at Delphi. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;

Media Use of Stereotypes Essay - 1273 Words

Media Use of Stereotypes We live in a world of technological innovation where mass media is a major part of us today. People make assumptions on what they hear. They do not try to analyze the situation to see who is right and who is wrong, and mass media is the main source of manipulating ones mind. The concept of propaganda has changed over time. Propagandists create ideas stereotypically through the use of propaganda and use media to promote it and target peoples minds to have influence on their views towards a certain group of people. These ideas create negative or positive images in the intended audiences minds. However, it is notable that the information is only the one that is exemplified through media and therefore, can be†¦show more content†¦These generalizations create negative or positive attitudes towards these stereotype groups. Stereotyping is defined as the making of generalizations about groups of people on the basis of limited information (Straubhaar and LaRose: 379, 2004). Stereoty pe is not the way people behave in certain environments but in fact, the way one has views about them either negative or positive through the way media portrays them. However, living in a democratic society there is freedom of choice, independence and social equality is a right and in the age of technological innovation. This is where we get hands on information on any particular subject matter we intend to choose through any form of media. However, what we do not know is how much of the knowledge we consume through mass media is accurately representation of the reality. Stereotypes work well in political campaigns where government takes certain steps as a propagandist to exhibit information to a group of targeted audience in order for them to have a certain view or opinions towards others, which is profitable in any manner for the government itself. However, governments take these steps for various reasons including creating opinions towards other governments, religious affiliated groups, other national citizens, etc and the only reason is for its profitable means whether it is for elections, power or control. For example, 9/11 attacks supports t he fact that media demonstrates aShow MoreRelated Propaganda and Stereotyping Essay1382 Words   |  6 Pagespropaganda lightly. One such disaster is the stereotype – a felicity confused with the truth. 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Did Differences in Wealth and Status in the Colonies Increase of Diminish from 1700 to 1750 Essay Example For Students

Did Differences in Wealth and Status in the Colonies Increase of Diminish from 1700 to 1750? Essay Throughout the history of mankind, there has always been a gap between the wealthy and the poor. America made miniscule attempts to end this course of action, but it is simply human nature and therefore cannot be changed. From 1700 to 1750, the differences in wealth and status in the colonies continued to increase. Once the gap started to widen, it was very difficult to alter due to the structure of the political system (or lack thereof). The plague of war created a class of widows and orphans, who became dependant for their survival on charity. The supply of unclaimed land dwindled and families grew, existing landholdings were repeatedly subdivided. By 1750, Boston supported a large number of homeless poor, who were supported by charity, and compelled to wear a large red â€Å"P† on their clothing. The riches created by the growing slave population in the eighteenth century were not distributed evenly among the whites. Wealth was concentrated in the hands of the largest slave owners, widening the gap between the prosperous gentry and the â€Å"poor whites†. In conclusion, the differences in wealth and status greatly increased from 1700-1750 in the colonies. The wealthy seized every opportunity to add to their high status. These opportunities were often times a chance for the poor to â€Å"climb out of the gutter† a little bit. Instead, the poor were forced to rely on charity and support from taxes. The social and political structure of colonial America was very poor, allowing the difference in wealth and status to increase. Kennedy, David M. and Cohen, Lizabeth and Bailey, Thomas A. The American Pageant: Thirteenth Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006.