Early Western Civilization A Gift Of Peace From The Past, The Ancient

Early Western Civilization A Gift of Peace from the Past, The Ancient Olympics Since 1896, the year the Olympics were resurrected from ancient history, the Olympics have been a symbol of the camaraderie and harmony possible on a global scale. The gathering of athletic representatives, the pride of the pack, from participating governments, even throughout the recent Cold War period, is proof that world unity is possible; just as it was in Ancient Greece with the polis or city-states. Olympic Games were held throughout Ancient Greece, but the most famous are the games that were held in Olympia in honor of Zeus every four years from August 6th to September 19th. The first record of these games is of one Coroebus of Elis, a cook, winning a sprint race in 776 BC. Most historians believe the games to have been going on for approximately 500 years before this. In the year Coroebus was made a part of history, there was apparently only one simple event, a race called the stade. The tr ack was said to be one stade long or roughly 210 yards. In subsequent games, additional events were to be added, most likely to increase the challenge to these amazing athletes. In 724 BC, the diaulos, a two stade race, was added, followed by a long distance race, about 2 ? miles and called the dolichos, at the next games four years later. Wrestling and the famous Pentathlon were introduced in 708 BC. The Pentathlon consisted of five events; the long jump, javelin throw, discus throw, foot race, and wrestling. The Pentathlons, especially the successful ones, were often treated and even worshipped like gods. Because of their exquisite physiques, they were used as the models for statues of the Greek Gods. The superior athletic ability of these athletes affects the games even today. The twisting and throwing method of the discus throw, which originated in Ancient Greece, is still used today. The original events were even more challenging than those of today. The modern discus w eighs in at just 5 pounds, one-third of the original weight, and the long jumps were done with the contestant carrying a five pound weight in each hand. The pit to be traversed in this jump allowed for a 50 foot jump, compared to just over 29 feet in our modern Olympics. Apparently, the carried weights, used correctly, could create momentum to carry the athlete further. Legend has it that one Olympian cleared the entire pit by approximately 5 feet, breaking both legs as he landed. One significant difference between the modern and ancient games; the original Olympians competed in the nude. Because of this, the 45,000 spectators consisted of men and unwed virgin women only. The only exception to this would be the priestess of Demeter who was also the only spectator honored with a seat. The young unwed women were allowed to watch to introduce them to men in all their splendor and brutality whereas it was felt that married women should not see what they could not have. In addition, the virgins had their own event which occurred on the men's religious day of rest. Called the Haria, in honor of Hara the wife of Zeus, the young women would race dressed in a short tunic which exposed the right breast. Traditionally, Spartan women dominated this event, being trained from birth for just this purpose. The religious undertones of the events became extremely apparent on the third day of the games when a herd of 100 cows were killed as a sacrifice to Zeus. In actuality, only the most useless parts were burned in honor of Zeus; most of the meat would be cooked and eaten that day. The sacrifices were conducted on a huge cone-shaped alter built up from the ashes of previously sacrificed animals. The mound was so large, the Greeks would cut steps into the cone after discovering it could be hardened by adding water and drying. Another ingenious invention was a system to prevent early starts in the foot races. It consisted of a bar in front of the runners to ensure th ey all start at the same time. This most likely was viewed as a blessing by

The eNotes Blog Happy Earth Day!

Happy Earth Day! This Earth Day were taking inspiration  from literatures greatest nature-lovers, the transcendentalists: Today we celebrate Earth Day, an annual event dedicated to environmental protection. Surprisingly, some of the earliest conservationists in history can be found in American literature. The transcendentalists, whose movement developed during the 1820s and 30s, displayed a deep appreciation for the natural world and wrote avidly about their own experiences in nature. So frequently we approach climate change as a monolithic issue, impossible to tackle and incomprehensible in terms of personal philosophy. But perhaps Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Walt Whitman had it right; their steadfast appreciation and attempts at understanding the value of the natural world led them to be ever mindful of their surroundings. If we were to put these ideals into conversation with todays problems, we may find some distinct similarities, as well as some helpful insight into the philosophical value of nature for mankind. Consider this line from Emersons Nature, we distrust and deny inwardly our sympathy with nature. His belief that mankind has an innate sympathy for nature that is denied is important when considering our own attitudes towards the natural world. According to Emerson our own understanding and intelligence is hindered by our stubborn distrust of the intrinsic value of nature. By reaching an appreciation for and grasping an understanding of nature as a valuable aspect of our existence, one may come to understand what makes the transcendentalists so foundational in the conservationist philosophy. By looking at their writings we may find instances of universality, musings upon the idea that all things are connected by a similar spirit. As an individual seeking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, eager to make a difference in the preservation of our earth, perhaps one may find solace in this sort of philosophy. By aiming for a reconciliation between reality and philosophy, one may better rationalize everyday actions with those that closely align with the movement towards a sustainable future. In a world so obsessed with convenience, it is understandable why we as individuals  struggle to adopt a sustainability oriented lifestyle, but with the green and DIY movements gaining momentum, there seems to be collective hope for a cleaner, greener future. By simply implementing new habits like recycling, carpooling, composting, and conserving water and energy, theres opportunity as individuals to make an impact. It may seem strange to draw comparisons between early American literature and the current climate change issues, but by examining the attitudes held by the transcendentalist writers, and those held by modern day conservationists, one may come to see many similarities. Its possible that by recognizing these similarities, people may be able recognize that while the task at hand is almost unbelievable, theres hope in securing a personal philosophy of reverence for nature. For more information on the transcendentalist writers see the links below! /topics/ralph-waldo-emerson /topics/henry-david-thoreau /topics/walt-whitman

Quantitative research methods in public policy Essay

Quantitative research methods in public policy - Essay Example In addition, the design should incorporate current structures around it and also the environmental requirements. Environmental sustainability is encouraged in new designs and this aspect should be considered and integrated in the design process. For example, the design may consider natural lighting rather than utilization of energy in lighting the building. Hence, the design should introduce and include modern design strategies that champion environment sustainability and socioeconomic factors. In conducting a research, it is appropriate to identify the variables that can impact the design process and application of the structure (Creswell 71). Expansion of an existing building some requires understanding the previous design of the building and whether the building had original expansion plans. Some of the variables to be considered include: Environmental audit - sustainability of the environment is important and it is important to include the stakeholders within this sector in understanding the crucial components to be included in the building; for example, choosing the appropriate natural lighting design. User’s requirements – the expectations of the users and requirements should be collected to understand better on how the new building should look like and what devices and furniture should be included. Legislations guiding design and construction industry- The state and federal government have guidelines on how to design and building infrastructures. It is crucial to include the government in collecting the data to provide an avenue of understanding better the regulations and directives of designing and expanding buildings. Application of the building- the use of the building should be understood. For example, some libraries have numerous resources; whether the resources in the expanded sector may affect the original resources on the older building. Devices and technological requirements of the building- since

Management Concepts - Case Study - Motivation Essay

Management Concepts - Case Study - Motivation - Essay Example Mill operators at Sandstorm believe that they do not have enough power in their hands to change anything in the organization. They believe that they can improve the products and the services of the company but their suggestions are continually ignored by the employees working in the labs. This combined with the ever increasing demands of the customers has been leading to frustration amongst the mill operators. This frustration is the root cause why mill operators are looking to quit the company. At the same time, the attitude of the lab employees of not incorporating suggestions from the mill operators is resulting in the loss of quality conscious customers. This in turn is affecting the cash flows of the company. Hence this problem needs to be addressed. N.R.F Maier (1955) defined job performance of an employee as the product of his ability and motivation. While the ability of the employee can be gauged by the academic history and the experience; motivation for a job is dependent on various factors both internal and external to the workplace. In order to be a successful business enterprise, it is necessary that a company management makes sure that the internal factors motivate employees to do their best. In order to motivate its employees, the company needs to understand the hierarchy of need (psychological, safety, social, esteem or self-actualization) (Maslow, 1943) at which the employees are working In order to improve the motivation levels of the mill operators it is necessary that they shall be encouraged to come up with new ideas of improving formulas on the basis of customer feedback. At the same time, a process shall be made in place to ensure that the formula suggested by the mill operators is tested by the employees at the laboratory. If a particular formula is found out to be good by lab tests and is accepted by the quality conscious customers, the mill operator shall be rewarded suitably. This will enable the fulfillment of the

NVQ Business studies Essay Example for Free

NVQ Business studies Essay Diversity should be respected and valued, because nobody is completely the same as anyone else. It is everywhere in our lives which makes rich and varied. In our lives diversity can be defined as differences in heritage, race, beliefs, customs, mental capabilities, physical appearances etc. It should be valued because no one is completely the same as anyone else, even within the above categories. If diversity is not valued then it can lead to violence and hatred. People tend to reject what is different. Our differences/diversities can lead to growth as a society or it can lead to violence and hatred. We must value our diversity in order to work together for the common good of our society/world. ?OCR Business and Administration NVQ (QCF) UNIT 203 Title Work in a business environment Level 2 Credit 2 1. 1Describe what is meant by diversity and why it should be valued? Diversity should be respected and valued, because nobody is completely the same as anyone else. It is everywhere in our lives which makes rich and varied. In our lives diversity can be defined as differences in heritage, race, beliefs, customs, mental capabilities, physical appearances etc. It should be valued because no one is completely the same as anyone else, even within the above categories. If diversity is not valued then it can lead to violence and hatred. People tend to reject what is different. Our differences/diversities can lead to growth as a society or it can lead to violence and hatred. We must value our diversity in order to work together for the common good of our society/world. ?OCR Business and Administration NVQ (QCF) UNIT 203 Title Work in a business environment Level 2 Credit 2 1. 1Describe what is meant by diversity and why it should be valued? Diversity should be respected and valued, because nobody is completely the same as anyone else. It is everywhere in our lives which makes rich and varied. In our lives diversity can be defined as differences in heritage, race, beliefs, customs, mental capabilities, physical appearances etc. It should be valued because no one is completely the same as anyone else, even within the above categories. If diversity is not valued then it can lead to violence and hatred. People tend to reject what is different. Our differences/diversities can lead to growth as a society or it can lead to violence and hatred. We must value our diversity in order to work together for the common good of our society/world. ?OCR Business and Administration NVQ (QCF) UNIT 203 Title Work in a business environment Level 2 Credit 2 1. 1Describe what is meant by diversity and why it should be valued? Diversity should be respected and valued, because nobody is completely the same as anyone else. It is everywhere in our lives which makes rich and varied. In our lives diversity can be defined as differences in heritage, race, beliefs, customs, mental capabilities, physical appearances etc. It should be valued because no one is completely the same as anyone else, even within the above categories. If diversity is not valued then it can lead to violence and hatred. People tend to reject what is different. Our differences/diversities can lead to growth as a society or it can lead to violence and hatred. We must value our diversity in order to work together for the common good of our society/world. ?OCR Business and Administration NVQ (QCF) UNIT 203 Title Work in a business environment Level 2 Credit 2 1. 1Describe what is meant by diversity and why it should be valued? Diversity should be respected and valued, because nobody is completely the same as anyone else. It is everywhere in our lives which makes rich and varied. In our lives diversity can be defined as differences in heritage, race, beliefs, customs, mental capabilities, physical appearances etc. It should be valued because no one is completely the same as anyone else, even within the above categories. If diversity is not valued then it can lead to violence and hatred. People tend to reject what is different. Our differences/diversities can lead to growth as a society or it can lead to violence and hatred. We must value our diversity in order to work together for the common good of our society/world. ?OCR Business and Administration NVQ (QCF) UNIT 203 Title Work in a business environment Level 2 Credit 2 1. 1Describe what is meant by diversity and why it should be valued? Diversity should be respected and valued, because nobody is completely the same as anyone else. It is everywhere in our lives which makes rich and varied. In our lives diversity can be defined as differences in heritage, race, beliefs, customs, mental capabilities, physical appearances etc. It should be valued because no one is completely the same as anyone else, even within the above categories. If diversity is not valued then it can lead to violence and hatred. People tend to reject what is different. Our differences/diversities can lead to growth as a society or it can lead to violence and hatred. We must value our diversity in order to work together for the common good of our society/world. ?OCR Business and Administration NVQ (QCF) UNIT 203 Title Work in a business environment Level 2 Credit 2 1. 1Describe what is meant by diversity and why it should be valued? Diversity should be respected and valued, because nobody is completely the same as anyone else. It is everywhere in our lives which makes rich and varied. In our lives diversity can be defined as differences in heritage, race, beliefs, customs, mental capabilities, physical appearances etc. It should be valued because no one is completely the same as anyone else, even within the above categories. If diversity is not valued then it can lead to violence and hatred. People tend to reject what is different. Our differences/diversities can lead to growth as a society or it can lead to violence and hatred. We must value our diversity in order to work together for the common good of our society/world. ?OCR Business and Administration NVQ (QCF) UNIT 203 Title Work in a business environment Level 2 Credit 2 1. 1Describe what is meant by diversity and why it should be valued? Diversity should be respected and valued, because nobody is completely the same as anyone else. It is everywhere in our lives which makes rich and varied. In our lives diversity can be defined as differences in heritage, race, beliefs, customs, mental capabilities, physical appearances etc. It should be valued because no one is completely the same as anyone else, even within the above categories. If diversity is not valued then it can lead to violence and hatred. People tend to reject what is different. Our differences/diversities can lead to growth as a society or it can lead to violence and hatred. We must value our diversity in order to work together for the common good of our society/world. ?OCR Business and Administration NVQ (QCF) UNIT 203 Title Work in a business environment Level 2 Credit 2 1. 1Describe what is meant by diversity and why it should be valued? Diversity should be respected and valued, because nobody is completely the same as anyone else. It is everywhere in our lives which makes rich and varied. In our lives diversity can be defined as differences in heritage, race, beliefs, customs, mental capabilities, physical appearances etc. It should be valued because no one is completely the same as anyone else, even within the above categories. If diversity is not valued then it can lead to violence and hatred. People tend to reject what is different. Our differences/diversities can lead to growth as a society or it can lead to violence and hatred. We must value our diversity in order to work together for the common good of our society/world. ?OCR Business and Administration NVQ (QCF) UNIT 203 Title Work in a business environment Level 2 Credit 2 1. 1Describe what is meant by diversity and why it should be valued? Diversity should be respected and valued, because nobody is completely the same as anyone else. It is everywhere in our lives which makes rich and varied. In our lives diversity can be defined as differences in heritage, race, beliefs, customs, mental capabilities, physical appearances etc. It should be valued because no one is completely the same as anyone else, even within the above categories. If diversity is not valued then it can lead to violence and hatred. People tend to reject what is different. Our differences/diversities can lead to growth as a society or it can lead to violence and hatred. We must value our diversity in order to work together for the common good of our society/world.

Media Essays Newspaper Circulation Distribute

Media Essays Newspaper Circulation Distribute Newspaper Circulation Distribute Without doubt, the newspaper is the oldest form of communication. Newspapers are almost as old as the printing press itself. Britains press can trace its history back more than 300 years. A newspaper is a Publication containing news and information and advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. It may be general or special interest, most often published daily or weekly. A newspaper is one of the most remarkable products of modern society. To gather news from five continents; to print and distribute it so fast that what happens at dawn in India may be read before breakfast in England; to perform the feat afresh every twenty-four hours; and to sell the product for less than the price of a box of matchesthis, were it not so familiar, would be recognised as an astonishing achievement.- From the report of the Royal Commission on the Press ( 1947- 1949). Most nations have at least one newspaper that circulates throughout the whole country: a national newspaper, as contrasted with a local newspaper serving a city or region. National papers are a mixture of national reputation, geographic reach and breadth of content. In the United Kingdom, newspapers can be classified by distribution as local or national and by page size as tabloids and broadsheets. The principal newspapers of England are all nationals edited in London. Wales and Northern Ireland are also dominated by the London-based press; in Scotland, although the London-based press is widely available and widely read, two Scottish newspapers can claim quasi-national status: The Scotsman (based in Edinburgh) and the Glasgow Herald. Because of the small geographical area of the UK, and the good travel infrastructure, there are many national newspapers the main national papers are morning newspapers UK nationals newspapers can be grouped into 10 dailies and 12 Sundays, generally grouped into three, rather historical, groups mass market tabloids, or red-tops (eg The Sun), middle-market tabloids (eg the Daily Mail), and quality broadsheets (eg The Times). Most UK newspapers are now tabloid-sized. The provincial press (regional and local) contains mainly local news. There are 21 provincial newspapers still published which were founded before 1776. Berrows Worcester Journal (around 1690) and the Lincoln, Rutland and Stamford Mercury (around 1695) are the oldest. These pre-date the surviving national papers, the Times (1785) and the Observer(1791). There are about 1500 regional newspapers in the UK By 1945 the national newspapers sold almost twice as many copies as the provincials (regional papers). In 1947 several provincial papers rivalled that of Fleet Street in London. Fleet Street in London had been the centre of the British print industry almost since its origins in the 15th Century; and throughout the 20th Century the street and its newspapers had become dominated by charismatic proprietors and increasingly powerful unions. Sales continued to rise among all types of newspaper until the early 1950’s, despite post-war restrictions on paper; papers could make good profits from the big demand for advertising space. Total sales of all national daily newspapers reaches all-time peak of 17 million copies per day, in 1950. 1957 was the peak year for total national sales, before the competition from ITV (Independent Television) advertising began to have a strong effect. Overall circulation growth, from the 1940s to the 1960s The next 35 years saw a drop of one-third in sales. Total newspaper sales slumped between 1950 and 2000, a trend that was especially marked on Sundays. The 1951 average daily sales were 16.62 million copies for the national morning press, 30.59 million for the national Sunday press, 2.94 million for the provincial morning, and 6.84 million for the provincial evening. The corresponding figures for 1994 were 13.58 million, 15.84 million, 1.88 million, and 4.50 million (Seymore-Ure). Seymore-Ure pointed out that the number of provincial morning papers fell between 1945 and 1995 from 29 to 18, with most closures happening in the 1960s. The number of provincial evening papers, by contrast, remained stable, with 76 titles in 1945 and 72 in 1994. (This apparent stability, however, masks the fact that there were 23 new launches during that period offset by 27 closures.) The following tables show the circulation of national newspapers in 1961, 1966, 1975, 1980 and 1984 The economic framework of the British press changed dramatically between 1980 and 2000. As in many other developed nations, in Britain the most salient qualities of the presss economic framework are concentrated, international, and cross-media ownership patterns and the increased intensity of economic competition that these factors entail. In addition, newspaper finances are organized on what Independent editor Simon Kelner calls an uneconomic basis, largely because of circulation wars. Finally, all newspapers, but particularly the broadsheets, heavily depend on advertising revenues. In 1980, the industry appeared to be in terminal crisis, and many newspapers appeared unlikely to yield profits in the near future. As of the early 2000s, this was no longer true because newspaper economics were transformed during the 1980s. Fleet Street was traditionally the home of the British press up until the 1980s. Over the years, Fleet Street had acquired a reputation for poor labour relations and had a history of industrial disputes. Presses were antiquated, resulting in the loss of many newspaper runs. Between 1983 and 1985, for example, there were 60 plate breaks at The Sun’s headquarters in Bouverie Street, where one press had been in use since 1936. For most of the 20th century, Fleet Street had been a microcosm of all that was worst about British industry: pusillanimous management, pig-headed unions, crazy restrictive practices, endless strikes and industrial disruption, and archaic technology. In 1986 Rupert Murdoch secretly moved his newspaper business overnight to a fortress-like plant in Wapping, east London, sparking a bitter and doomed year-long strike by printers which revolutionised labour relations as well as the newspaper industry. the newspaper industry has been transformed in the last 50 years, most notably since the Wapping revolution in 1986. Nevertheless the phrase Fleet Street is still used to refer to the British national press at large. Even though the last major British news office, Reuters, left in 2005, the name Fleet Street has continued to serve as a shorthand term for the British national press. The growths of advertising and changes in production have enabled papers to expand enormously in size and to publish in colour. Competition has forced closures but new titles have taken their places and there are roughly the same numbers of titles available now as there were in 1945. (Incidentally, there are also roughly the same numbers of owners). Seymore-Ure pointed out that the number of provincial morning papers fell between 1945 and 1995 from 29 to 18, with most closures happening in the 1960s. The number of provincial evening papers, by contrast, remained stable, with 76 titles in 1945 and 72 in 1994. (This apparent stability, however, masks the fact that there were 23 new launches during that period offset by 27 closures.) Trends in national and local newspaper circulation/distribution for the years 1980 to 2002 is shown in Figure 3.1. The long-term trend in the overall volume (circulation and distribution) of newspapers is downwardsTrends in national and local newspaper circulation/distribution over the last 26 years are summarized in Figure 4.1. The total circulation of national newspapers has shown a slow decline and, within the total, the circulation of Sunday newspapers has declined more rapidly than that of daily newspapers. The newspaper industry survived competition from 20th-century technologies, especially radio and television, but 21st-century developments on the Internet are posing major threats. The survival of the nationals is remarkable in view of the greater choice of alternative media, especially television / video / DVD and the Internet. It shows how they have been able to adapt to changing trends and technology to maintain appeal, both form advertisers and the public. Newspapers are now going online as well with their own websites and with the ever increasing pressure to reduce waste in the UK and paper and ink cost rising it will not be far off when all newspapers will become electronic only using the internet and e-paper as ways to publish. This rise in costs made one UK media group to publish the UK first online only recognized local newspaper. It was the Southport Reporter and it went online fully in 2000 as an online only publication from day one. This type of local newspaper could spell the move for all local newspapers in the UK to publish only on the internet. Also in the perceived gap left by local newspapers, many of which have closed district offices in smaller towns, local news websites are emerging in the form of webforums and blog sites Newspapers are big business and many national and local dailies and Sunday titles now have websites to support their paper offering the latest news and headlines online. The internet is a great place to keep up to date with your favourite newspaper whether tabloid or broadsheet and as well as reading the latest news you can also enter competitions, take part in discussions and read the classifieds online. A relatively recent phenomenon in the newspaper industry has been the free morning papers. Free weekly papers are fairly common, supported by advertising. The United Kingdom possesses one of the most universally respected and widely read national presses. The history of newspapers in the UK is a fascinating story and it is impossible to find comparable sizes with the newspaper press in my country, Cyprus. The media in Cyprus functions freely and independently without intervention or control by any state authority. Freedom of the press is enshrined in the Republics constitution. There are no media ownership restrictions in relation to the print media. Currently there is a relatively developed press with dailies, weeklies and periodicals of varying frequency, expressing a broad spectrum of ideologies and covering a wide variety of subjects Since the first newspaper was published in 1878, more than 400 newspapers and periodicals have been published mainly in Greek, but also in Turkish, Armenian and English, for (and by) the respective communities and minorities. The development the Cypriot media has shown great progress, with all newspapers having switched to computerisation, and adopting up-to-date printing techniques. However, the small size of the population defines some of the barriers imposed on all the aspects of organisational structure and outcomes of the press. Since the amendment of the 1989 Press Law makes the accessibility to information on newspaper circulation non–obligatory by the distribution agencies, no official data is available on circulation. Some basic data for press in UK and Cyprus are shown in the table below.

“Religion was more important than politics in the failure of King and Parliament to reach a settlement. 1646-1649”, Assess the validity of this statement Essay

â€Å"Religion was more important than politics in the failure of King and Parliament to reach a settlement. 1646-1649†, Assess the validity of this statement. In January 1649, King Charles I was executed after being charged with high treason due to political and religious reasons, some of which contributed to his refusal in accepting the peace settlements given to him by Parliament. Charles’ refusal to compromise was supported by the division that had emerged within Parliament on how to fight the civil war between the Political Presbyterians and Political Independents. The main factors of the failure to reach a settlement were religion, politics, Charles’ intransigence, the New Model Army and the emergence of radical ideas; all of which eventually concluded to Charles’ execution. One of the main reasons why Charles and Parliament failed to reach a settlement was due to religion, especially with the division between the Political Presbyterians and Political Independents. The differences between the two were that Political Presbyterians favoured a negotiated peace with Charles and did not approve of the New Model Army, and were also drawn more closely to the Presbyterian Scots whereas the Political Independents were in favour of a more considerable measure of religious toleration and disliked the authoritarianism of Scottish Presbyterianism. This division throughout Parliament meant that they had failed to reach a settlement negotiating peace terms that was to be decided upon them. In July 1646, the Political Presbyterians had presented Charles with the Newcastle Propositions as their plan for settlement which consisted of severe terms such as Charles was to accept Presbyterianism for three years in England, Parliament was to have control of the militia for 20 years, and the Triennial Act was not to be abolished and to have regular parliaments. Charles rejected these terms of the Newcastle Propositions and instead offered counter-proposals suggesting that the Political Presbyterians would have a three year trial run and reduced parliamentary control over the militia to ten years. Smith1 says that â€Å"there was a good deal of influential opinion† when writing the Newcastle Propositions and was under the impression that Cromwell had expressed his input with these terms. As a result of this, it caused division in the army and more within Parliament as the Presbyterians responded by organising rallies in favour of peace on 26th July. The emergence of radical ideas links with religion as a reason for the failure to reach a settlement in the year 1646 to 1649 as the ideas of the Levellers and Diggers were starting to break through. The Levellers were based in London that needed to gain support by taking advantage of the army’s adjutators movement, which therefore led to their concern that increased within the army, radicalising them. The development of the Leveller movement was the result of economic distress which was cause by the civil war, particularly in London, in a time of political and religious uncertainty. At the end of April 1647, eight cavalry regiments chose men as representatives for the adjutators and met with the senior officers. The Levellers ideas, under their leader John Lilburne, had clearly influenced the policies of Henry Ireton and Oliver Cromwell condemning them as â€Å"grandees†, which expressed them having deceived what people were fighting for in the first place; driving them to accept a less moderate approach to their negotiations with the King in years to come. The Levellers had come up with a pamphlet called the â€Å"The Case of the Army Truly Stated†, which led on to the Putney Debates in October and November of 1647. The Putney Debates had the main focus on the ideas of the Levellers for the extension if the franchise which had provoked a fiery argument between John Wildman and Ireton. Still Ireton spoke for the grandees which did include Cromwell and â€Å"insisted that the franchise should be restricted to those with a permanent fixed interest in the kingdom† as Seel 2 says, and that the vote should go to those who possessed property or there would otherwise be a â€Å"disturbance to a good constitution of the kingdom†. This was seen as important because the views of the religious radicals made settlements more difficult and furthermore increased the tension of division among those in the army and in parliament. The politicisation of the New Model Army also played a significant role in the failure to reach a settlement in the years 1646 to 1649 between Charles and Parliament. What made the army politicised was the concerns of their wages of  £3 million in arrears and the possibility of being faced with the charges of committing offences from the First Civil War, as Parliament had not passed an indemnity act. The army presented Charles with the Heads of The Proposals in 1647, which links back to religious division in parliament, , under Cromwell and Ireton’s influence, putting forward more stricter terms such as religious toleration was to be more effective to a wider degree and that the army was to be controlled by parliament for only ten years instead of twenty, making the army seem like a political force however historian Coward 3 has put forward the argument that â€Å"the army was not apolitical when it was first established.† Despite these terms, Charles still refused to accept them which then led to the Vote of No Addresses in January 1648 and settled that no more future negotiations were to be made with Charles. The importance of this factor was important as the army had felt that they had been pushed to resort to drastic methods and realised that it was most likely that Charles would never accept them. Another important factor that contributed to the failure to reach a settlement was Charles’ intransigence. In July 1646 the Newcastle Propositions were offered to Charles, which still would have granted him much power if he’d have accepted them, but refused to accept them. At the end of December 1647 after refusing both the Newcastle Propositions and the Heads of Proposals, Charles made his escape from confinement at Hampton Court where he would sign the Engagement with the Scots, in which Charles had agreed to allow Presbyterianism in England for three years only if they would grant him a Scottish invasion that would enable him to return back to power. With the possibility of the invasion going ahead, the chances of another civil war had increased. In April 1648 the New Model Army met at Windsor to pray before facing their enemies and declared that Charles was a â€Å"man of blood†, which soon would be one of the religious reasons for Charles’ execution in January 1649. Furthermore another political reason such as the Presbyterians’ offer of the Newport Treaty to Charles, who was now being held captive on the Isle of Wight, was sent to him as a matter of desperation to end the Second Civil War and prevent another one from occurring. However, the army and Ireton were not prepared to allow these negotiations to be undertaken and were forced to act, Kishlansky 4 says â€Å"Ireton had always been the Army’s strategist, the penman who could write the stirring propaganda of the Army’s declaration† and that he demanded a â€Å"purge or dissolution of Parliament and a trial of the King†. For the Newport Treaty to continue, a vote in Parliament took place on 5th December which had 129 for the continuation, and 83 against it, leading Ireton to act immediately and organise the army led by Colonel Thomas Pride who purged Parliament of those who were in favour in negotiating with the King; through this action taken against Parliament, the Rump would take over and conclude that Charles was to be put to trial. In conclusion, the failure to reach a settlement in the year 1646 to 1649 was due to the main religious factors such as the Windsor Prayer meeting of April 1648 where Charles was seen as â€Å"a man of blood†, the religious division in Parliament between Political Presbyterians and Political Independents and his agreement with the Irish which reinforced his support of Catholicism and his defeat in the two civil wars which came across as God’s judgement on his cause. Nevertheless, the main political reasons were down to Charles’ intransigence, fear amongst those in Parliament and the army that Charles would agree to the terms of the Newport Treaty, and fear of him starting another civil war. Overall the main reason for the failure of reaching a settlement was because of religion, although politics became very important in years to come as Presbyterians and Independents became concerned and needed a settlement for the sake of the kingdom.

How Can Resourcing and Development Add Value to the Modern Workplace

â€Å"How can Resourcing and Development add value to the modern workplace? † Table of content 1 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 1. 1 Company background†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 1. 2 Purpose, Value and Principle†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 1. 3 Awards†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦.. 4-5 1. 4 Proctor & Gamble and Johnson & Johnson’s industry status†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 2 Recruitment issues of P & G†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 2. Campus Talk recruitment method & Added Value in workplace†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6-7 2. 2 Job Fair Internship recruitment method & Added Value in workplace†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦.. 7-8 3 Diversity issues of P & G†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 9 3. 1 Gender & Added Value in workplace.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9-11 3. 2 Culture & Added Value in workplace†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 12-13 4 Continuing Professional Development issues of P & G†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 14 4. 1 Employee Development & Added Value in workplace†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 14-15 4. 2 Talent Development & Added Value in workplace†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦15-17 5 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 18 6 Appendixes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 19 7 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 20-21 1 Introduction 1. 1 Company Background Founded in 1837, Procter & Gamble (P & G) was established by William Procter, a candle maker, and his brother-in-law, James Gamble, a soap maker, when they merged their small businesses. Now, P & G is one of the largest consumer products companies in the world. These include beauty care, household care and Gillette products. P&G Greater China business includes Mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan, which were established in 1988, 1987 and 1985 respectively. P&G has operations in more than 80 countries, with more than 300 brands on market in 160 countries employing approximately 135,000 people. Their worldwide headquarters is in Cincinnati, Ohio, U. S. 1. 2 Purpose, Value and Principle Purpose unifies us in a common cause and growth strategy of improving more consumers’ lives in small but meaningful ways each day. It inspires P&G people to make a positive contribution every day. They would provide branded products and professional services of superior quality and value that improve the lives of the world’s consumer now and for generations to come. As a result, consumers will reward them with leadership sales, profit and value creation, allowing P & G people, shareholders, and the communities in which they live and work to prosper. Values reflect the behaviors that shape the tone of how they work with each other and with their partners. P & G was focus on consumers, staffs, brands and what make P & G’s unique. Management brings the values to life as they focus on improving the lives of the world consumers. P&G is its people and the values by which their live. They attract and recruit the finest people in the world. They build an organization from within, promoting and rewarding people without regard to any difference unrelated to performance. They act on the conviction that the men and women of Procter & Gamble will always be their most important asset. And Principles articulate P&G’s unique approaches to conducting work every day and shows respect all individuals. As they agreed the interests of the Company and the individuals are inseparable. They are strategically focused in the work and promoted innovations as P & G success. 1. 3 Awards They were honored to have focus on innovation recognized at the 2010 Edison Awards. A. G. Lafley, former Chairman and CEO, was also recognized with the Edison Achievement Award—one of just a handful of business CEOs to ever receive the honor. The award recognizes distinguished business executives who have made a significant and lasting contribution to innovation. In his remarks, A. G. hared the award with P&G and external business partners, whose focus on consumer-centric, systematic innovation has helped P&G bring innovative, life-improving products to consumers. â€Å"Innovation is more important now than ever,† said Caldicott. â€Å"The finalists we announced today are the moving parts in the engine of economic growth. They inspire people to think outside the box and improve the lives of pe ople around the world. 1. 4 P & G and Johnson & Johnson’s industry status P&G is the largest consumer products company and building leading brands that is one of the fastest growing markets in the world. It registering strong business growth in the consumer product industry and P&G's China staff has grown rapidly. Besides, P ; G was the 22nd largest profitable company in amount profited of US$ 13,436 million launched by Fortune 500. On the other hand, their competitor – Johnson ; Johnson is the world’s sixth-largest consumer health company which operates in three segments through more than 250 operating companies located in some 60 countries and employing 114,000 employees. J ; J was the 32nd largest profitable company in amount profited of US$ 12,266 million. Recruitment issues of P ; G Recruitment means to estimate the available vacancies and to make suitable arrangements for their selection and appointment. Recruitment is understood as the process of searching for and obtaining applicants for the jobs, from among whom the right people can be selected. According to EDWIN FLIPPO, â€Å"Recruitment† is the process of searching for prospective employees and stimul ating them to apply for jobs in the organization. † 2. 1 Campus recruitment method ; Added Value in workplace Apart from advertising method of recruitment, it available to employers and is widely used involves recruiting people directly from education institutions. P;G was successfully launched 1st of Campus Recruitment named â€Å"Corporate Elite Program† in Hong Kong in 2008. It is a program that hired from University top talents who are inspired to start their career in P;G, to gather together to experience an exclusive, meaningful ; fruitful recruitment journey. P ; G offer interactive platform for Elite students to make friends with P;G managers as well as among themselves. At the end of the journey, they will have the chance to get full time offer from P;G. The program mainly to target Sales ; Marketing students, apply for P ; G Pharmaceutical’s industry. Apart from Hong Kong ; Taiwan, P;G U. K. recruited around fifteen new staff members from over three thousand graduate applicants per year in the U. K. Regarding Campus Recruitment can be added value in P ; G, the organization will build up the company’ image in Consumer field. The candidates who almost are fresh graduated, provide an energetic, intelligent and aggressive working style for the organization. Moreover, it benefit of innovative and imaginative thinking, strive for execution excellence, and breakthrough a typical work environment that recognizes and rewards high performing. Hence, P ; G were ranked first worldwide for the â€Å"Recruitment, Training ; Retention of the best staff† in the FMCG (Fast Moving Consumer Goods) industry by Fortune 500 Magazine. 2. 2 Job Fair and Internship recruitment method ; Added Value in workplace Job Fair and Internship recruitment also implement in P ; G Company. Job fairs are becoming a more common method of entry-level recruiting and initial screening. For P ; G recruiter, they offer an opportunity to reach potential candidates and collect their profile. P ; G offered much of opportunities in different kind of place and launched Job Fair for permanent and internship candidates, aimed target hiring for Customer Service staff in retail shop. The recruitment team short listed the candidates for the full time or internship program, the objective to organize of Career Fairs are to provide a platform where hiring talent staff work in Customer Service field in P ; G. Job Fair has the benefit of new skills, new talents and new experiences candidates who fulfill the job requirements in P ; G. An effective recruitment practice identify job applicants with the appropriate level of knowledges, skills, abilities, and other requirements needed for successful performance in a job or an organization. Internship recruitment was very popular and common for an employer implement, as it not only give a valuable chance to the candidates to learn in workplace and also can be benefit to the organization. Besides, they are offered various learning opportunities like training and on boarding programs throughout an internship to be able to easily adapt to business atmosphere and successfully complete the projects. During the program, internship would receive ongoing coaching and feedback. Internship for employers represent an opportunities to bring in bright ; energetic people, to pre-screen for the best and the brightest, and in cases of highly desirable graduates or programs, to attract good candidates before graduation. In addition, from an operational perspective, interns offer an opportunity to bring in short term staff to meet high demand periods, vacation backfilling, and for special projects. Acuff (1985) indicates that Recruitment at colleages and universities is seen as a major source of new employees in business, technical, professional, sales, administration, and other fields. Co-operation and internship programs sponsored by colleges and universities are seen by many organizations as being a particularly effective source of new employees. Some employers have also found a lower turnover rate among employees who have been recruited through such programs. 2 Diversity issues of P ; G Diversity means that the condition of having or being composed of differing elements, especially the inclusion of different types of people or different races of cultures in a group or organization. Diversity is not only diversity of ethnic background and gender, but also age, sexual orientation and work and life experience. Diversity is deeply rooted in P ; G’s Purpose, Values ; Principles. Through their commitment, P;G brings together individuals from different backgrounds, cultures, and thinking styles providing remarkably different talents, perspectives, life and career experiences. The mission of Diversity ; Inclusion at P;G is â€Å"Everyone Valued, Everyone Included, Everyone Performing at Their Peak†. 3. 1 Gender ; Added Value in workplace The Company employs over 100 thousand people of different nationalities spread between North America, Latin America, Europe, Middle East, Africa and Asia. Diversity (of gender, race, religion, culture) is one of most important P;G assets in achieving their mission to understand and serve consumers round the world. Almost a decade ago, P ; G business decided to address gender diversity and get closer to its consumers. They understood that female team members would enable them to better understand consumers, since household purchasing decisions are mostly overseen by women. According to P ; G Management report stated that 40% of P ; G Managers are women. Since then, the team has hired full-time female employees and has deployed diversity trainings to dispel cultural myths and address work life balance issues. P ; G believes that work-life balance is just as important as employee’s performance, days-off to â€Å"Work from Home† programmes, and special considerations for working mothers and family commitments. The company understands the need for balance of the employee’s work life. After all, full of happiness employees are more productive and have self-motivation which translates to success for all. A Strategic Approach Dr. R. Roosevelr Thomas, Jr. tates that â€Å"Globalization is transforming the very nature of our business relationship, decision-making processes, and interactions, making world class diversity management, more needed now than ever before. P;G continues to focus on diversity as a global strategy and expects its work force to become increasingly diverse, enabling employees to serve more of the w orld’s consumers. Global data on enrollment by gender is shown in the following table: Sourced by P ; G Sustainability Report 2010 In 2010, P;G’s solid progress in diversity and inclusion was recognized in many global and U. S. surveys. It includes Diversity Inc. of Top Companies for Diversity No. 18 in 2010, Top Global Diversity Companies No. 6 in 2010 and Working mother ofâ€Å"Working Mother Hall of Fame, 2005† for Top 10 Companies for Executive Women (2010 NAFE). Many awards were recognized gender diversity added value in P ; G. 3. 2 Culture ; Added Value in workplace Culture usually ‘refers to shared attitudes, beliefs and behaviours that individuals learn from the family and society in which they live’ (Gold et al. , 2010:435) In P ; G, one of the most important factors is culture. The most talented people want to work in a culture that is open, collaborative, and embraces change. Creating and sustaining such a culture is difficult, and they know they need to change and evolve the culture. They become more externally focused and need to be more agile, more flexible and faster, more innovative and more productive. Since A. G. Lafley became Chief Executive Officer in 2000, the leaders of P;G have worked hard to make innovation part of the daily routine and to establish an innovation culture. In that year, P ; G spent US$2. 1 billion on innovation, and received $76. billion in revenues. Benefit in getting more value from every investment in innovation culture. According to Diversity Management by Pamela Arnold who is President of American Institute for Managing Diversity, Inc stated that â€Å"This integration leads to a workplace environment that encourages creativity and innovation and motivates people to make a difference not only internally but also externall y communities. Together, P ; G represent around 140 nationalities. Their recruiting and development philosophy to â€Å"build from within† fosters a strong culture of trust and shared experiences. Their diversity, shared culture and unified purpose are the defining elements that enable P;G to touch lives and improve life every day. Usually P ; G want their international managers to be experienced and familiar with corporate culture as well as a solid understanding of the company’s core values. It is the responsibility of the manager to facilitate each employee to bring their own experiences to the table allowing for a collage of international ideas that help P;G products reach consumers on every continent. Another component of P;G’s business organization that fully utilizes each individual employee is the office orientation. P ; G represent that has actively and successfully taking on the challenge of globalization through international management. Many worked in P;G colleagues who gained lot opportunities to interact with colleagues from Hong Kong, Taiwan, China and even all overseas P ; G companies. Hong Kong and Taiwan’s Oral Care team is one of the most culturally diverse teams in P;G. Such diversity allows them to view things from different perspectives, and thus help them make better decisions based objective discussions. It is founded in P ; G that harnessing these differences will create a productive environment in which everyone feels valued, where their talents are being fully utilised and which organisational goals are met. According to Ms. Carole Yeung (General Manager of Global Offices of Diversity ; Ombuds, Chevron) said that â€Å"this effort is designed to strengthen our organizational capability and develop a talented global workforce that gets results†. It strongly proved that global cultural diversity was added value in workplace and Organizations reach their potential when everyone, individually and collectively, shares the best chance to succeed. Also, the important achievements are contributing directly to specific organizational values. P ; G acts on the conviction that the men and women of the organization will always be their most important asset. P;G is a very diverse organization which according to Diversity Inc Top 50 List awarded the Best Companies for Multicultural Females for Top 5 in 2009 and Companies for Diversity of Top 40 in 2010. Continuing Professional Development issues of P ; G Continuing Professional Development refers to the imparting of specific skills, abilities and knowledge to an employee. It is any attempt to improve current or future employee performance by increasing an employee’s ability to perform through learning, usually by changing the employee’s attitude or increasing their skills a nd knowledge. The fundamental aim of training is to help the organization achieve its purpose by adding value to its key resource for their employees who hired. Training means investing in the people to enable them to perform better and to empower them to make the best use of their natural abilities. 4. 1 Employee Development ; Added Value in workplace P;G are building on the knowledge by providing a best in class training programme that is both challenging and enriching. Half of the training is done on-the-job, while the other half will be delivered in active and engaging ways. Most of the employees are gain invaluable and practical knowledge that empowers the way they work. In addition to on-the-job experience, P ; G provides a wealth of technical, functional and leadership skills training. Some programs are offered at career milestones, such as when an employee first takes on responsibility for managing others or leading an organization. Other programs take managers out of the classroom and into retail stores or even into consumers’ homes. This process not only helps P;G people develop business skills but also deepens their commitment to touching and improving consumers’ lives that P;G’s enduring Purpose. P;G treat their employee as the Company’s most important asset and source of competitive advantage. The success depends entirely on the strength of their talent pipeline, which to build from within and manage with a disciplined process led by the CEO and the senior leadership team. Besides, approach to developing leaders at P;G is elegantly simple. They take the same rigorous and disciplined approach to developing leaders at P;G around the world in every business, in every region and at every level. Regarding leadership rewarded added value in P ; G which is recognized Hay Group’s Twenty Best Companies for Leadership by Bloomberg Business Week. Moreover, information provided by Human Resource Management Journal – Vol 8 No. 4. It clearly supports and agreeing with the view that CPD is important because of the changing nature of work and that it has benefits to the employer as well as the individual through enhancement of employability and career prospects. It was anticipated that job satisfaction and organizational commitment would be positively related to the value accorded to CPD. Appendix of table 1 (Value of CPD) should be indicated the respondents were in general favorably disposed towards CPD in workplace. 4. 2 Talent Development ; Added Value in workplace Talent consists of those individuals who can make a difference to organizational performance, either through their immediate contribution or in the longer term by demonstrating the highest levels of potential. Additionally, Talent Development means the systematic attraction, identification, development, engagement, retention and deployment of those individuals with high potential who are of particular value to an organization. In P;G, Talent Development is a never-ending priority. They develop talent primarily from within the organization, and they are one of the few companies that are committed to that approach. P ; G creates opportunities for careers in workplace, not just a job. One way they do this is by managing P;G talent development globally. Starting at mid-levels of management and higher, to enable career development and growth across businesses and geographies. Eventually, identify talent early and groom people through a series of varied and enriching assignments that will prepare them for future roles. The CEO and Vice Chairs meet monthly to plan senior management assignments. Business presidents meet as a talent-development team once per quarter. And the Board of Directors reviews P;G’s talent pipeline once a year. P ; G was delighted to be awarded the Asian Human Capital Award 2010. This recognition is an endorsement of what P ; G has leading to best talent retention was developed to meet this critical organizational need in a climate of contemporary human resource challenges. Ulrich (2008) defines talent in a general sense as comprising â€Å"Competence, commitment and Contribution†, stressing the need to ensure all three. Talent strategy and the HR practices associated with it should attract, retain, motivate and develop the particular kind of talent an organization needs in ways that build commitment, ensure competence, and result in a contribution that the business finds valuable and that the individuals regards as personally meaningful. According to Boudreau and Ramstad (2005) and Dave Ulrich (2008) stated that Effectiveness which requires HR practices that will ensure that key talent is fully capable, motivated and is supported in having the opportunity to apply their talent appropriately and effectively in their work. Efficiency requires identifying the most cost-efficient methods of investing in â€Å"talent†, an important consideration to ensure a careful focus on delivery of talent management plans. 4 Conclusion The consumer product goods industry is a highly competitive industry, the conclusion is that while P ; G is an established home consume product goods competitor, the greatest competitive threat is Johnson ; Johnson because of its continued expansion into numerous product categories. P ; G’s intent is to offer professional sustainable development, recruitment and diversity activities in the workplace. Clearly, P ; G is not only the larger brand and the category leader but it is also the more efficient and productive company. In contrast, P ; G lack of direct marketing strategies for its product. Their threats showed competitor entry into the home consumer product goods market. It recommended P ; G has access to a greater number of markets and product co-branding opportunities because of its size and volume of sales. Besides, recommended to focus and develop talent marketing staff. It purposed bring P ; G open to expand through organic growth by establishing another brand category that is targeted specifically at the international market. (Word count: 3,343) 6 Appendixes Table 1 – Value of CPD Questions| Strongly disagree| Disagree| Neither agree nor disagree| Agree| Strongly agree| CPD can enhance employability and career prospects| 0| 5| 12| 56| 27| CPD has benefits to my employer / organization| 2| 1| 9| 56| 32| CPD is important because of the hanging nature of work| 0| 2| 7| 50| 41| CPD is not just another chore – it has significant benefits for me| 0| 5| 19| 60| 16| CPD will improve my job and career prospects| 2| 9| 22| 51| 16| CPD will improve my job performance| 0| 4| 13| 66| 17| Engaging in CPD activities has a motivating effect on me| 1| 8| 31| 46| 14| It’s worth making an effort on CPD because of the beneficial outcomes| 0| 5| 22| 58| 15| There are rewards for cont inuing my professional development| 2| 13| 25| 50| 10| 5 References Carole Yeung (2011) â€Å"Vision of the future diversity leaders†, Journal Debra Tone (2010) â€Å"Knowledge Advisors Wins CLO Award for Procter and Gamble Sales Training Measurement Strategy†, Press Release Eugene Sadler-Smith and Beryl Badger, University of Plymouth Business School â€Å"The HR Practitioner’s perspective on continuing professional development†, Human Resource Management Journal, Vol 8 No. 4 Harrison. R (2009) Learning and Development. CIPD Kathryn Komsa (2010) â€Å"Achieving Gender Balance in the Workplace Goes Beyond the Workplace†, Profiles in Diversity Journal of November / December 2010 Pamela Arnold (2010), â€Å"Diversity Management: Connecting the Diversity ABCs and the Generational X, Y and Zs in the Workplace†, Profiles in Diversity journal of November / December 2010 R. Bruce Dodge and Mary McKeough, â€Å"Internship and the Nova Scotia Government experience†, Journal Stephen Taylor (2008) People Resourcing. CIPD (p. 213-252) Victor M. Catano, Willi H. Wiesher, Rick D. Hackett, Caura L. Methor, â€Å"Recruitment and selection in Canada†, Nelson Series in Human Resources Management http://hk. pg. com/ http://www. pg. com/en_US/downloads/sustainability/reports/PG_2010_Sustainabilit

Free Essays on Comparison With Iago And Cassio

In the play â€Å"Othello,† one of William Shakespeare’s six tragedies, characters Iago and Cassio are similar and different in many ways. One of the ways Iago and Cassio are similar is through Othello himself. Both Iago and Cassio want to be on the good side of friend Othello, but both don’t have the same reasons. In Iago’s case with Othello, Iago wants to be on Othello’s good side so Othello wouldn’t be suspicious of what he was doing behind his back, such things as getting Cassio and Desdemona closer together so Othello would suspect something. Now in Cassio’s case, he just wants to be on Othello’s good side because he wants to be there. Cassio is Othello’s Lieutenant and he wants to stay that way, so after Cassio gets on Othello’s bad side, he tries his hardest to try and get back on his good side to keep Othello’s respect for him and the Lieutenant position. Both men wanted to be on Othello’s good side. Iago and Cassio both feel that they can trust one another. In the play, Iago trusts Cassio in his actions to do what he implies Cassio what to do, such as when Iago tells Cassio that he should talk to Desdemona to try and get in good terms with Othello. Iago also trusted Cassio’s actions when Othello overheard the conversation between Cassio and Iago. Iago knew that Cassio would talk about something else, and knew that Othello would interoperate it differently. Now Cassio is a different story. Cassio trusts Iago’s advice in trying to get himself on Othello’s good side. Cassio trusted Iago’s advice when Iago told him to go and keep talking to Desdemona about trying to get himself in good terms with Othello. It was a bad move in trusting Iago, but that’s what he did. Those two both trusted each other but in different ways which makes them two some what similar. The difference between these two is both have very different personalities. Iago’s personality is charming but in a crude way. He knows ... Free Essays on Comparison With Iago And Cassio Free Essays on Comparison With Iago And Cassio In the play â€Å"Othello,† one of William Shakespeare’s six tragedies, characters Iago and Cassio are similar and different in many ways. One of the ways Iago and Cassio are similar is through Othello himself. Both Iago and Cassio want to be on the good side of friend Othello, but both don’t have the same reasons. In Iago’s case with Othello, Iago wants to be on Othello’s good side so Othello wouldn’t be suspicious of what he was doing behind his back, such things as getting Cassio and Desdemona closer together so Othello would suspect something. Now in Cassio’s case, he just wants to be on Othello’s good side because he wants to be there. Cassio is Othello’s Lieutenant and he wants to stay that way, so after Cassio gets on Othello’s bad side, he tries his hardest to try and get back on his good side to keep Othello’s respect for him and the Lieutenant position. Both men wanted to be on Othello’s good side. Iago and Cassio both feel that they can trust one another. In the play, Iago trusts Cassio in his actions to do what he implies Cassio what to do, such as when Iago tells Cassio that he should talk to Desdemona to try and get in good terms with Othello. Iago also trusted Cassio’s actions when Othello overheard the conversation between Cassio and Iago. Iago knew that Cassio would talk about something else, and knew that Othello would interoperate it differently. Now Cassio is a different story. Cassio trusts Iago’s advice in trying to get himself on Othello’s good side. Cassio trusted Iago’s advice when Iago told him to go and keep talking to Desdemona about trying to get himself in good terms with Othello. It was a bad move in trusting Iago, but that’s what he did. Those two both trusted each other but in different ways which makes them two some what similar. The difference between these two is both have very different personalities. Iago’s personality is charming but in a crude way. He knows ...

Free Essays on Heart Of Darkness

we use have no meaning whatever and of the other half each man understands each word after the fashion of his own folly and conceit" (14 Jan. 1898, Collected Letters [CL] 2.17). "If I succeed, you shall find," continues the Preface, offering, in addition, "perhaps, also that glimpse of truth for which you have forgotten to ask" (59). Evidently Conrad had already forgotten his dictum of the previous year that "the truth is ... that one's own personality is only a ridiculous and aimless masquerade of something hopelessly unknown" (24 Mar. 1896, CL 1.267). But he had a strong reasons for seeing that he for... Free Essays on Heart Of Darkness Free Essays on Heart Of Darkness â€Å"Kurtz is a disturbing symbol of madness and despair, but he does not dominate the novel. Would you agree?† Kurtz is definitely a disturbing symbol in Heart of Darkness, embodying the gloom, the despair, the ‘impenetrable darkness’ of the unknown jungle, the darkness inherent in all men’s hearts but he does not dominate the novel. It is Marlow’s perception, his ever changing understanding of the darkness and its many elements from afar and up close, that fills the novel, creates its many layers. It is his indeed this intense journey to Kurtz, Marlow’s journey of discovery on all levels that dominates Joseph Conrad’s novella, Heart of Darkness. Marlow’s journey to Kurtz has many levels, each profound and meaningful. Perhaps one of the most interesting aspects of the novel is Conrad’s powerful indictment of the evils of imperialism. - â€Å"The dreams of men, the seeds of men, the germs of empires.† His account in HOD perhaps reflects the savage repressions carried out in the Congo by the Belgians in one of the largest acts of genocide committed up to that time. And yet, Marlow, the central character in the novel seems to be simultaneously a good liberal identifying humanity within some of the natives, realising that they are in fact human, and a racist at the same time, that the natives are still but mere savages. â€Å"a savage who is no more account than a grain of sand in a black Sahara.† Marlow is simultaneously a good liberal and a racist, and a man struggling quite consciously with both perspectives. It is Conrad’s subtly in his treatment of such matters that allows us to make our own judgements, our own interpretations of Marlow’s river journey to Kurtz. On the way up the Congo to Kurtz, Conrad takes us on a ride using the powerful writing tool of symbolism. The symbols becoming a vehicle that carries us, the audience, from stop to stop, Marlow’s journey becoming an evaluation of the da... Free Essays on Heart Of Darkness In Joseph Conrad’s, Heart of Darkness, the unusual Russian seems to have been thrown into the story for no significant purpose except for being Marlows broadcaster and Kurts palace fool. In this book the Russian is an odd character. He seems to pop out of nowhere and he just happens to have so much knowledge of Kurts himself. This Russian, where did he come in the picture? First off he warned Marlow and his crew about an upcoming attack. He obviously wanted them to take Kurts to a place where he could recover. The Russians role in this book is complicating to uncover. According to critique Burgess he is a friend of the author (248). The Russian serves as a messenger; someone to fill in for lost time. We have to remember that nothing has been heard or received from Kurts in the last nine months, so the Russian updates Marlow about Kurts place in the native world and all the changes he has undergone (Burgess 249). The Russian tries to prepare Marlow for what he is about to encounter. He also give him the insight that Kurts is a highly respected man that way he wont show any lack of respect which could in turn lead to his termination. For instance, when Marlow asked the Russian if he talked to Kurts he replied by saying â€Å" You don’t talk with that man - you listen to him†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (C onrad 49). This really emphasizes Kurt’s influence on the natives. The Russian is also viewed as a fool in a royal court (Burgess 250). When Marlow see the Russian for the first time he is jumping up and down shouting â€Å" Its all right† (Conrad 48). Marlow said, â€Å" he looked like he had escaped from a troop of mimes† (Conrad 48). His clothes were all patched up with every bright color you can imagine, just like a clowns costume would be portrayed. According to Burgess all he needs to make this costume complete are the funny hat and the bells (249). â€Å" He is perfectly drawn in the trappings of the Fool, the royal jester, the court ... Free Essays on Heart of Darkness Illusions of the Mind â€Å"People only see what they are prepared to see.† In the novel, Heart of Darkness, the Europeans witness a life unlike any they have ever seen. They must face a harsh reality, which challenges their restraints on society and work. They are put to the test with their values and morals, revealing the truth to one another. Unleashing savagery or remaining civilized. Throughout Marlow’s journey up the Congo into Africa, he becomes increasingly disillusioned with European values and beliefs, thus, leaving Marlow to resist the tempting truth of our savage side or having succumbed to darkness. Without a protective civilized society, Kurtz represents what every man will become if left to his own desires. Every man has a heart of darkness that is usually drowned out by the light of civilization. However, when a man is removed from a civilized environment without any rules or laws to abide by, his instinct of savagery is unleashed. Darkness is related to savagery and Marlow represents the civilized soul, which has not been drawn by a dark force. Marlow is seen as the light in this darkness. There are three stations that Marlow must pass through on his journey to Kurtz: the outer station, the central station, and the inner station. These stations represent symbolic stages in Marlow’s journey of self-discovery. As Marlow travels up river, he first arrives at the outer station. Here he witnesses his first account of the jungle. He sees how the Natives are treated, he views the Europeans acts of futility, and this is just a glimpse of things he has to face in his future travels. Once Marlow reaches the central station he discovers Kurtz may not be the man he once thought. He first hears of Kurtz as being a wonderful man with power but Marlow is beginning to see into his mind. Marlow struggles within himself to see if he is like this man. Throughout his journey up the Congo, Marlow sees much more tr... Free Essays on Heart Of Darkness Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness does not explicitly deal with a struggle between war and peace: the conflict is a psychological, moral one; however, the text’s implications that society is a thin veil over our innate savagery, the darkness at the roots of Western civilization, reveals disturbing truths about the peaceful, orderly lives we take for granted. The key to understanding Conrad’s novella lies in ascertaining the metaphorical significance of the â€Å"heart of darkness,† a search which may yield an answer as complex and obscure than any geographical, sociological or psychological solution. Since its publication, several critics have categorized Heart of Darkness as a travelogue, or, at the least, a seaman’s tale mixed with autobiographical elements from Conrad’s life, yet the story itself refutes such interpretations: The yarns of seamen have a direct simplicity, the whole meaning of which lies within the shell of a cracked nut. But Marlow was not typical (if his propensity to spin yarns be expected), and to him the meaning of an episode was not inside like a kernel but outside, enveloping the tale which brought it out only as a glow brings out a haze†¦. (Miller 68) Conrad’s story is obviously about more than a bad trip into the jungle. In several respects, it is a â€Å"study on the effects of man’s isolation from the civilized world, represented by Kurtz† (Miller 129). The title "Heart of Darkness" the name itself implies a sense of unknown evil, and invokes thoughts of secrecy and mystery. It paints paradoxes of seemingly clear concepts and states, such as the mental condition of central character Kurtz, an enigmatic ivory trader deep in the heart of the "Dark Continent." The setting indeed takes place in a region remarkably like the Congo that has led many scholars to automatically label it as such.( Lackey ) For the purposes of this essay, I will acknowledge such connections while keeping in mind ... Free Essays on Heart Of Darkness Most Literate people know that by going into the Heart of the Jungle (Darkness), Conrad was trying to relay a message about the heart of man, and the story is read as one of the most symbolic stories of the English language. The story recognizes Marlow, its narrator, not Kurtz or the brutality of the Belgian officials. Conrad wrote a statement on how the story should be interpreted: â€Å"My task which I am trying to achieve is, by the power of the written word, to make you hear, to make you feel it, and above all to make you see.† Knowing that Conrad was a writer that lived in his work, writing about the experiences were almost as if he was writing about himself. The Story was written through the eyes of Marlow. Marlow is a follower of the sea, His voyage up the Congo was the experience in river navigation. He is used as a mask so Conrad can enter the story and tell it out of his own logical mind. Marlow longs to see Kurtz, in hope of appreciating all that Kurtz finds appealing about the Darkness. Marlow does not get a chance to see him until Kurtz is so diseased that he looks more like death itself than a person. There were no good looks or health. In the story Marlow remarks that Kurtz resembles â€Å"an animated image of death carved into ivory†. Like Marlow, Kurtz is seen as an honorable man to many admirers; but he is also a thief, murderer, persecutor, and he allows himself to be worshipped almost as a god. Both Kurtz and Marlow had good intentions to seek, yet Kurtz seems an omniscient being who lacked morality. In the end they form one person. Marlow and Kurtz are the light and dark selves of one person. Meaning each one is what the other might have been. Every person that Marlow meets on his venture contributes to the plot as well as the overall theme of the story. Kurtz is the violent devil explained at the beginning of the story. It was his ability to control men through fear and adoration that led Marlow to signify this. T... Free Essays on Heart Of Darkness Heart of Darkness Inherent inside every human soul is a savage evil side that remains repressed by society. Often this evil side breaks out during times of isolation from our culture, and whenever one culture confronts another. History is loaded with examples of atrocities that have occurred when one culture comes into contact with another. Whenever fundamentally different cultures meet, there is often a fear of contamination and loss of self that leads us to discover more about our true selves, often causing perceived madness by those who have yet to discover. Joseph Conrad’s book, The Heart of Darkness is a story about man’s journey into his self, and the discoveries to be made there. They are also about Man confronting his fears of failure, insanity, death, and cultural contamination. During Marlow’s mission to find Kurtz, he is also trying to find himself. He, like Kurtz had good intentions upon entering the Congo. Conrad tries to show us that Marlow is what Kurtz had been, and Kurtz is what Marlow could become. Every human has a little of Marlow and Kurtz in them. Marlow says about himself, "I was getting savage (Conrad)," meaning that he was becoming more like Kurtz. Along the trip into the wilderness, they discover their true selves through contact with savage natives. As Marlow ventures further up the Congo, he feels like he is traveling back through time. He sees the unsettled wilderness and can feel the darkness of it’s solitude. Marlow comes across simpler cannibalistic cultures along the banks. The deeper into the jungle he goes, the more regressive the inhabitants seem. Kurtz had lived in the Congo, and was separated from his own culture for quite some time. He had once been considered an honorable man, but the jungle changed him greatly. Here, secluded from the rest of his own society, he discovered his evil side and became corrupted by his power and solitude. Marlow tells us about the Ivory that Kurtz kept... Free Essays on Heart Of Darkness CHARACTERS Charlie Marlow Marlow as principal narrator, the teller of the story-within-a-story. He's like the Ancient Mariner of Coleridge's poem; he grips you with his storytelling skills. However, unlike the Mariner, he doesn't have a specific lesson to teach; his moral position is more ambiguous. He is thus "contaminated" by his experiences and memories, and, like Coleridge's Ancient Mariner, destined, to serve penance, by repeating his story to all whom will listen. Marlow serves as Conrad’s stand-in; we see in the first half that the novel is heavily autobiographical. Marlow is always observing and judging, but his politeness always seems to cover up the harshness of his judgments. The brickmaker and manger speak frankly to him because this mask of courtesy hides his contempt for them. We don’t learn very much of Marlow before the Congo voyage except that he is an experienced sailor who has seen the world. We do know that he is a man of modesty and courage. EXAMPLES: attack on the steamer; Kurtz’s escape...We see the modesty come out EXAMPLE: he never emphasizes his heroism of his daring nature and also he gets embarrassed at his aunt’s praises. We do know that Marlow is devoted to his work. His fondness for work is at the base of his system of values. He admits that no one likes to work but it is what keeps you sane, just as it keeps him sane in the jungle. I took this as work provides a structure for life and if you concentrate on the duties of work then you won’t succumb to the call of madness or the â€Å"darkness† of the unknown that surrounds us. Marlow is the moral grounding point of the novel. He is the only white man in the Congo who recognizes the evils of colonialism in Africa. Marlow is the everyman (for lac k of better terms) of the novel. He learns that he has to face his own heart of darkness ..the call of the primitive in his own nature. Later we see how he confuses the beat of t... Free Essays on Heart Of Darkness â€Å"Did he live his life again in every detail of desire, temptation, and surrender during that supreme moment of complete knowledge? He cried in a whisper at some image, at some vision-he cried out twice, a cry that was no more than a breath: The horror! The horror!† What horror is Kurtz recounting as his final words? Truths lie inside the inner soul of all human beings, it is just a matter of when and where they will come out. Kurtz choose to let his be known as his passing words. An epiphany, a passing glimpse, the realization of what he has created and destroyed, willingly, or blindly going about hacking through the jungle blindfolded, searching for something of extrinsic importance. The narrator of Heart of Darkness never lets the reader know what Kurtz was speaking about. I believe Conrad wanted his audience to judge for themselves the importance of Kurtz’s words. Finding literal, as well as deeper meanings, in the novel becomes very apparent when basing the context of Kurtz’s words from a thematic standpoint. His word’s can be broken down on three levels: the first, dealing with the obvious literally sense of horror representing all the dead Africans, who died at the hands of the Kurtz in his lusty quest for ivory; the second, delves into an important theme relating to the book, which is human savagery, Kurtz must have realized he had become what he hated most; Lastly, on a abstract level, his finally word’s would have represented the society of European Imperialism that had molded Kurtz and formed him into a by-product of the mixture, which culminated together to create colonial, imperialistic attitudes. It is shear terror to imagine the magnitude of the scale on which atrocities of death, murder, and genocide had taken place against the Africans. Death is a very silent, dirty scene. Nobody has ever been able to recount their tale of death, for no doorway has been found that any person can use to return. Kurtz’... Free Essays on Heart of Darkness Abstract This paper introduces and discusses the book "Heart of Darkness," by Joseph Conrad. Specifically, it analyzes the role of women in this novella. The paper looks at how women are represented and what sort of comments are made about women "in general". Women in "Heart of Darkness" play an important and distinctive role in the tale. They represent civilization (and the lack of it) far away in the jungles of Africa, where the "darkness" lies in wait for every man. From The Paper "The African woman in the novel serves another purpose. She is totally opposite of The Intended, and of what "perfect" women are supposed to be back home in civilization. She is a leader, she is strong, and so she is infinitely frightening to the men. "Only the barbarous and superb woman did not so much as flinch, and stretched tragically her bare arms after us over the sombre and glittering river" (Conrad 146). She is also proud and "wild and gorgeous" (Conrad 135), which are adjectives Conrad never uses to portray the women back home. She represents the wild beauty of the jungle, and how it can never be tamed – not by the colonists and not by the Europeans. This African woman shows the men of the novel what a woman can do, and because of that, they find her "barbarous" and frightening, and would kill her if they get the chance. She not only represents the beauty of the jungle, she represents a woman who men cannot control, and so she is even more dangerous to them. The fact that she appears so briefly in the novel shows how Conrad ultimately dismissed her, and by dismissing her, he dismisses all women everywhere."... Free Essays on Heart Of Darkness As the Heart of Darkness snakes its way into the savage shadows of the African continent, Joseph Conrad exposes a psycho-geography of the collective unconscious in the entangling metaphoric realities of the serpentine Congo. Conrad’s novella descends into the unknowable darkness at the heart of Africa, taking its narrator, Marlow, on an underworld journey of individuation, a modern odyssey toward the center of the Self and the center of the Earth. Ego dissolves into soul as, in the interior, Marlow encounters his double in the powerful image of ivory-obsessed Kurtz, the dark shadow of European imperialism. The dark meditation is graced by personifications of anima in Kurtz’ black goddess, the savagely magnificent consort of the underworld, and in his porcelain -skinned Persephone, innocent intended of the upperworld. Though â€Å"Dr. Jung’s discoveries were not known to Conrad, â€Å" (Hayes, 43) who wrote this master work between 1898 and 1899, Heart of Darkne ss presents a literary metaphor of Jungian psychology. This paper explores the dark territory of Conrad’s Heart of Darkness as metaphor for the Jungian concepts of the personal and the collective unconscious, as a journey of individuation, a meeting with the anima, an encounter with the shadow, and a descent into the mythic underworld. Like Conrad’s Marlow, who is propelled toward his African destiny despite ample warning and foreboding, I have been drawn beyond the classic analysis of the Heart of Darkness, embarking down an uncharted tributary, scouting parallels between Marlow’s tale and Jung’s own journeys to Africa, and seeking murky insight into the physical and the metaphorical impact of the dark continent on the language and the landscape of depth psychology. â€Å"Africa,† wrote Graham Greene, â€Å"will always be the Africa in the Victorian atlas, the blank unexplored continent in the shape of the human heart.† The African heart described by Greene â€Å"acquired ... Free Essays on Heart Of Darkness Submitting to Symbolism Every great author posses the ability to create a novel deeply woven in symbolism and subliminal messages. Underneath the literal journey encountered in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness lies a tale saturated with subtle, yet, significant imagery that brings forth the true meaning of the novella. Throughout Heart of Darkness Conrad uses a plethora of simple colors, objects, and places to convey multifaceted images and ideas. His fine execution of the tools of the English language allows him to quickly lure the reader aboard the Nellie and not release him until the horror is over. Although the interpretation of symbols in the Heart of Darkness is elaborate, due to their simplicity they are often overlooked. An overriding series of symbols in Heart of Darkness is the ongoing contrast of white and black, dark and light, and respectively holding representations of good and evil. Amongst most literature white/light relates to a civilized community and black/dark denotes savagery. However, Conrad often depicts many things usually associated with light to be dark in coincidence with the glittering light shed on dark images. Conrad illustrates the wrath of Europe, â€Å"And this also has been one of the darkest places of the earth.† (Conrad 18) Furthermore, Conrad's frequent symbolic combination of life and death is a parallel to light and dark, echoing the fact that the two must exist simultaneously - there cannot be without the other. Blatant, but often passed over is the symbolism of the number three in Heart of Darkness. First, notice that the book is divided into three chapters. From there Conrad only lets Marlow break from the story three times to let the unnamed narrator speak. As the journey through the Congo progresses it halts its journey at three stations-Outer, Central, and Inner. The triads do not end here, but persist through the characters in the novella. Though they play an integral role in He... Free Essays on Heart Of Darkness Heart of Darkness Response Paper â€Å"Heart of Darkness† is a very involved story, which takes place on a mission into the hearts of Africa. The use of imagery in â€Å"Heart of Darkness† gives the story another dimension of insight. Joseph Conrad’s use of imagery is so compelling because everything in the story symbolizes, alludes to, or allegorizes something in some way. As William Rogers II from the San Diego State University states, â€Å"Yet, as Wilfred Dowden’s recent study of Conradian imagery concludes, the some 1,100 words of the unnamed narrator that precede Marlow’s tale are not merely an accessible lead in to the subsequent complexity of narration and theme but are carefully composed to establish imagery and tonality for the entire work.† (Rogers, page 42) Joseph Conrad uses imagery in his descriptions of the surroundings, with the use of light and darkness and other objects in â€Å"Heart of Darkness† to better express his ideas throughout the story. One of the main themes in â€Å"Heart of Darkness† is colonialism in Africa. During the time of this story Europeans were invading Africa and enslaving the people who lived there. Throughout the story Conrad gives references to this. For example, â€Å"I could see every rib, the joints of their limbs were like knots in a rope; each had an iron collar on his neck, and all were connected together with a chain whose bights swung between them, rhythmically clinking.†(Page 280) Conrad also uses imagery to highlight the darkness of these acts. For example when the narrator gives a description of the areas surrounding him he uses darkness, death, and words of dejection to explain the images he sees. â€Å"They were not enemies, they were not criminals, there were nothing earthly now, - nothing but black shadows of disease and starvation, lying confused in the greenish gloom.† (Page 281) Also the author uses the words â€Å"heart of darkness† to describe his surr oundings. Thes... Free Essays on Heart Of Darkness Heart of Darkness The imagery of dark and light is never clearly defined but the linkage between the two in this novel is obviously clear. Light indicates self-knowledge, civilization and enlightenment. The darkness is in the title and also the major theme of this book. Darkness represents wilderness, evil and greed. Conrad tells us about the nature of the human’s heart and how it turns from good to bad. Since this novel leans toward the dark more than light, the dark will be our focus of attention. Conrad leaves the meaning of this darkness hazy on purpose. In clearer terms, you can’t easily reduce the meaning to a couple of sentences. He (Conrad) hints at and suggests the meaning which was meant for the â€Å"civilized† back home (and us) to figure out on their own. These qualities I think was meant to make this event (colonization of the Congo) linger in the readers mind and make them feel the creepiness of the whole ordeal. One might think that darkness in this novel refers to the Congo, the African people who live there, how they lived in ignorance, behaved savagely and brutally. This all might be true and to a certain degree should be true. So far darkness is used as a symbol of ignorance and primitiveness. Darkness could be clearer to us if we looked at it from a different angle. Darkness could be a symbol of the white man’s heart, which claims to be an agent of European light that comes to the Congo to save the Congo, though in reality it is the white man who kills the Congo. It is the white man that enslaves the habitants of the Congo meanwhile criticizing them as uncivilized and savages. Ironic, coming from the mouth of a slave owner. It is also the white man who is in the Congo to make money, following the greed of his heart, which is evil and thus dark. This all comes from the heart. The heart that starts out good (for most) and from the evilness of greed slowly turns black and wretched. To sum up, two concepts of... Free Essays on Heart of Darkness In Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness, there is a great interpretation of the feelings of the characters and uncertainties of the Congo. Although Africa, nor the Congo are ever really referred to, the Thames river is mentioned as support. This intricate story reveals much symbolism due to Conrad's theme based on the lies and good and evil, which interact together in every man. Today, of course, the situation has changed. Most literate people know that by probing into the heart of the jungle Conrad was trying to convey an impression about the heart of man, and his tale is universally read as one of the first symbolic masterpieces of English prose (Graver,28). In any event, this story recognizes primarily on Marlow, its narrator, not about Kurtz or the brutality of Belgian officials. Conrad wrote a brief statement of how he felt the reader should interpret this work: "My task which I am trying to achieve is, by the power of the written word, to make you hear, to make you feel-it is above all, to make you see.(Conrad 1897) Knowing that Conrad was a novelist who lived in his work, writing about the experiences were as if he were writing about himself. "Every novel contains an element of autobiography-and this can hardly be denied, since the creator can only explain himself in his creations."(Kimbrough,158) The story is written as seen through Marlow's eyes. Marlow is a follower of the sea. His voyage up the Congo is his first experience in freshwater navigation. He is used as a tool, so to speak, in order for Conrad to enter the story and tell it out of his own philosophical mind. He longs to see Kurtz, in the hope's of appreciating all that Kurtz finds endearing in the African jungle. Marlow does not get the opportunity to see Kurtz until he is so disease-stricken he looks more like death than a person. There are no good looks or health. In the story Marlow remarks that Kurtz resembles ... Free Essays on Heart Of Darkness Marlow’s Identification with Kurtz and his Illness In Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad, Kurtz’s character has a very strong influence on the story. He is not the protagonist however. This man is Marlow. Now, the dynamic between Marlow and Kurtz is a very important relationship. Kurtz was insane, however, Marlow still was strangely attracted to him and all surrounding him. Throughout the story, Marlow could identify with Kurtz and his illness; they were two very alike people, even if on opposite ends of the spectrum. From the beginning, Kurtz is Marlow’s â€Å"choice of nightmares†. As soon as his name is mentioned, Marlow is bent on finding this man. Idealistic thoughts frolic in the seaman’s head as he gladly takes the position of captain down the river. No one else seems as enthusiastic however, which is the first clue that Marlow and Kurtz share something special. The manager in fact, wants nothing more than to eliminate Kurtz all together. â€Å"We will not be free from unfair competition until one of these fellows is hanged as an example† (76). In this same scene, a bit more is learned concerning Kurtz’s illness. Apparently, Kurtz has gone from the emissary of light who wanted â€Å"each station [to be] a beacon on the road towards better things, a centre for trade of course, but also for humanizing, improving, [and] instructing† (76) to a man who shuns all humanity and keeps to himself â€Å"Clear this poor devil out of the country†¦ I had rather be alone than have the kind of men you can dispose! of with me† (75). This is all the more appealing to Marlow who shares some of Kurtz’s ideals. Marlow respects the savages, even identifying with them. He describes to the company on board the Thymes cruise that â€Å"†¦they were not inhuman†¦what thrilled you was just the thought of their humanity †¦the thought of your remote kinship with this†¦uproar†¦if you were man enough you would admit†¦that ... Free Essays on Heart Of Darkness His flowing English seemed to be derived from a dictionary compiled by a lunatic. Lord Jim Is the difficulty with Heart of Darkness the portentous mysteriousness so regretted by E. M. Forster and F. R. Leavis, or with its being, in the author's words, "too symbolic or rather symbolic at all"? Or ... or is the horror of Heart of Darkness the apparently endless circulation of its signs in lies and irony? In as much as the story raises questions of lies, hypocrisy, and ambiguity, it concerns the duplicity of language, the preeminent medium of the existence and expression of those conditions. As the imagined written record of an imagined oral yarn, some distinction between "sound" and "unsound" method looms large. And as the product of a fluently trilingual author obsessed with ambiguity, hypocrisy, and lieshis own not least Conrad's Congo-book solicits watchful reading. The more one reads of Conrad's life, the more one finds in the celebrated words from the Preface to The Nigger of the "Narcissus" (1897 [NN]) another schizoid instance of someone addressing the self in disguise: "My task which I am trying to achieve is, by the power of the written word, to make you hear, to make you feelit is, before all, to make you see" (59). Brave words these, especially when one sees the author argue shortly thereafter that "[h]alf the words we use have no meaning whatever and of the other half each man understands each word after the fashion of his own folly and conceit" (14 Jan. 1898, Collected Letters [CL] 2.17). "If I succeed, you shall find," continues the Preface, offering, in addition, "perhaps, also that glimpse of truth for which you have forgotten to ask" (59). Evidently Conrad had already forgotten his dictum of the previous year that "the truth is ... that one's own personality is only a ridiculous and aimless masquerade of something hopelessly unknow n" (24 Mar. 1896, CL 1.267). But he had a strong reasons for seeing that he for...